For Narodowe Święto Niepodległości
Poland Fifty Years Ago ……..Poland 50 Years Ago
Poznań (BBC TV costume drama on the telly), Gniezno, Trzemeszno, Kruszwica, Łęczyca, Tum (the isolated cathedral), Sulejów, Płock, Toruń (a battered but mighty town), Chełmźa, Chełmno, Gdańsk, Oliwa (where the organist was playing in the church), Gdynia, Kwidźyn, Pelplin, Dobre Miasto, Lidzbark Warmiński, Olsztyn, Reszel, Święta Lipka (a pilgrim’s approach, on foot), Ketrzyn, Gyźycko, a Mazurian village, Warszawa (much-changed vistas), Szydłowiec, Kielce, Karczówka, Chęciny, Kurozwęki (dilapidated but with a proud custodian), Szydlow, Sandomierz (kidnapped by a girl), Zamość, Lublin (visited a youth club), Kraków and, of course, the salt mines (and market place) at Wieliczka
are among the places in Poland that I visited as a very amateur student of architecture 50 years ago (“HOW long ago?” FIFTY years ago!), having been inspired by family connections with the post-war Polish community at Pitsford Convent and School in England. (Studying architecture (and Polish) hastened the end of my attempt to become a mathematical physicist.)
I took both black-and-white roll-film and colour-slide photographs. For technical reasons I did not label each colour slide but made a separate list of the locations and subjects. Following a recent spillage, the 135 slides are now out of order and my memory of which caption on the list goes with which photograph is incomplete.
Perhaps a reader of this page can help me match slides and captions and meanwhile enjoy the look back to a time maybe before you were born and when Poland was still working to rule enigmatically and sullenly “behind the Iron Curtain”. I met only one American and one Briton in six weeks. Alas, I was too shy to photograph people outright, so these pictures are perhaps rather aridly architectural, some being of historic monuments which will have changed little. Nevertheless, many may show scenes more “real” than today’s tidied up version. The definition is not as good as on the original slides , but if anyone is interested I can probably get particular images scanned with greater precision.
But first, to pay tribute with a tessellation or two, here are lattice labyrinths based on Narodowe Święto Niepodległości, Polish National Independence Day, the 11th of November. As I need two or three colours to distinguish supertiles and the Polish flag is a deep red and white only, I’ve struggled a bit, but the sky-blue background to each helps. First of all, here are a few supertiles of Serpentine lattice Labyrinth (11,11) There are two families of supertiles, each of identical shape, but a right-angles to one another. Each supertile is made up of 11² = 121 tiles and you need a repeat unit/fundamental domain of one in each orientation and totalling 242 squares to speciofy the infinitely extendable tessellation or tiling of the infinite Euclidean plane – die unbeschränkte Ebene.
Switching to equilateral triangular tiles to make up a tessellation, we can construct Honeycomb Lattice Labyrinth (11,11) with a supertile area and repeat unit/fundamental domain of 2(11² + 11×11 + 11²) = 726 triangles. Here it is. Like the (10,10) for Taiwan, it compells the eye/brain to see a three-dimensional construct.
Now here are the images of Poland in 1965 that I would like help in identifying. I’ve captioned a few of those I can place. You can contact me via latticelabyrinths.net .
- 1.Łazienki palace, Warszawa
- 2.
- 3.A rare tractor; harvest-time near Kruzwica
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10. Looking towards the Neptune Fountain in Gdańsk
- 11.Red Squirrel in the park at Wilanów
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
- 16. Probably the rigging of the clipper Dar Pomorza in Gdynia harbour
- 17.
- 18.
- 19. A corner of the Stary Rynek (Old Marketplace), rebuilt from the ruins in Warsaw
- 20. A corner pavilion tower,Pałac w Wilanowie (Wilanów Palace) Warsaw
- 21.Rynek w Kielcach (Kielce Marketplace. The fountain has gone.
- 22. Ratusz (Town Hall) Sandomierz
- 23. Warehouses in Reszel
- 24. Palace of the Bishops of Kraków in Kielceof Krakow
- 25. Olsztyn; classroom in the school, used as a youth hostel over the summer holiday
- 26. Toruń Castle ruins
- 27.
- 28. Near Chelmno?
- 29. Zamość; Domy w rynku (Houses in the marketplace)
- 30. Krakow, interior of St.Mary’s Church, looking towards Wit Stwosz altar piece
- 31. A scene in Trzemeszno (??)
- 32.Święta Lipka, looking west to the organ
- 33. A scene in Reszel (?)
- 34. The re-built Stary Rynek (Old Marketplace), Warsaw
- 35. The chapel in the salt mines at Wieliczka
- Holy Trinity Church, Chełmża
- 37.
- 38.
- 39. Two schoolgirls in Kielce
- 40.
- 41. Kraków; west front of the Dominican church
- 42.
- 43. View from the Palace of culture and Science, Warsaw
- 44.
- 45. The lake, the deepest point in the salt mines tour, Wieliczka
- 46.
- 47. Wawel cathedral, Kraków
- 48.
- 49.
- 50. Tum Collegiate Church
- 51.
- 52. Youth Club in the PTTK, Lublin where one boy spat on a wall map of Russia for me.
- 53.
- 54.Święta Lipka Monastery Church, the west front
- 55.
- 56. Ratusz w Płocku, Płock Town Hall across the Market Placeu
- 57. Oliwa cathedral, looking east
- 58.
- 59.
- 60.
- 61.
- 62.
- 63.
- 64.Kurozwęki Palace – then only just alive, with a solitary caretaker I think
- 65.
- 66.Święta Lipka Monastery – the picture postcard view
- 67.
- 68.
- 69.Pałac w Wilanowie (Wilanów Palace) in Warsaw
- 70.Pałac w Wilanowie (Wilanów Palace) in Warsaw
- 71. Red squirrel in the park at Wilanów
- 72. Warsaw, the much-mocked Palace of Culture and Science
- 73. Zygmunt’s Column, Warsaw
- 74.Zamek Chęciny (Chęciny Castle)
- 75.
- 76. Warsaw from the Palace of Culture and Science
- 77.
- 78. Dobre Miasto – pulpit in the church
- 79.
- 80.
- 81. Approaching Płock from the river
- 82. St. Barbara, Karczówka monastery.T he statue is from a single mass of lead.
- 83. A corner in the monastery gardens, Karczówka
- 84. The pilgrim approaches the walled monastery at Sulejów
- 85. Sulejów monastery, a closer view having shed my rucksack
- 86.
- 87. Toruń from across the Wisła (River Vistula); St.John’s church prominent
- 88. The High Altar, Kościół Świętego Jakuba Apostoła (The Church of St. James), Toruń
- 89.
- 90. Vista from the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw
- 91. The conservatory, Pałac w Wilanowie
- 92.
- 93.
- 94. In the ambulatory at Oliwa?
- 95. A corner of the Town Hall, Zamość
- 96. Waterfront, including the celebrated crane (Żuraw), Gdańsk
- 97.
- 98. Castle of the Teutonic Knights, Kwidźyn
- 99.
- 100.
- 101. View scross the river Wisła from Kwidźyn Castle (?)
- 102. Looking towards the Town Hall, Zamość (?)
- 103. Ratusz, Gdańsk
- 104.Looking towards the organ, Oliwa Cathedral
- Ratusz w Zamościu, Zamość Town Hall
- 106.
- 107. The tower of St.Mary’s, the great City Church of Gdańsk
- 108.
- 109.
- 110. Oliwa, west front of the Cistercian abbey church, now cathedral
- 111. Tum Collegiate Church, Romanesque Tympanum and doorway arch.
- 112. A rather English scene, but in the park, Pałac w Wilanowie (Wilanów Palace)
- 113. Looking across the marketplace to Kościół Mariacki, St.Mary’s, Kraków
- 114.
- 115. Kościół Świętego Jakuba Apostoła (The Church of St. James), Toruń
- 116. Kościół Świętego Jakuba Apostoła (The Church of St. James), Toruń
- 117.
- 118.
- 119.
- 120.
- 121. The cathedral in the fields, Tum (which means “cathedral”), since much restored & tidied-up
- 122.
- 123.
- 124.
- 125. Column of virtues in Church of the Holy Trinity, Strzelno
- 126. Trzemeszno – inside the church
- 127.
- 128.
- 129. Poznań Town Hall (Ratusz w Poznań) and Market Place by night
- 130.
- 131.
- 132.
- 133. Looking towards the High Altar, Poznań Cathedral
- 134. Poznań Cathedral
- 135. Poznań Town Hall (Ratusz w Poznań)
Some of the above are famous and even I still know where they are – others (the views across the plain, for instance) almost impossible to locate precisely. I’ll straighten up the leaning towers when I get time.
An inexpensive how-to-do-it Lattice Labyrinths workbook is available from the publisher or you-know-who , or from a good independent bookshop or via Google.